Malaysia

House of RepresentativesSenate

House of Representatives

Election results

Data on parliamentary elections, including the background, candidates, voter turnout, results and the formation of the new legislature. By default the latest election results are displayed. Select a date to view results from previous elections

Background

Election date(s) The date when elections started and ended for directly or indirectly elected parliaments/chambers. The date of appointments for appointed parliaments/chambers.
19.11.2022
Date of dissolution of the outgoing legislature Date at which the previous legislature (elected at the previous elections) was dissolved.
10.10.2022
Timing of election Timing of election: Upon normal expiry; Early elections; Delayed elections
Early election
Expected date of next elections The expected date at which the next elections should take place, based on law or practice.
30.11.2027
Number of seats at stake Number of seats contested at the elections. Where the parliament/chamber is fully renewed, this number is usually identical to the statutory number of members. Where the parliament/chamber is partially renewed or appointed, the number of seats at stake is usually less than the total number of members.
222
Scope of elections Scope of elections: Full renewal; Partial renewal.
Full renewal

Candidates

Number of parties contesting the election This field may include either the number of parties contesting the election, or the number of coalitions/electoral alliance.
17

Results

About the election Short description of the context and results of the election.
No coalitions won an outright majority in the early elections of 2022. Pakatan Harapan (PH, Alliance of Hope), led by former Deputy Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim, came first, winning 76 of the 222 seats at stake in the House of Representatives. The National Alliance (PN), led by former Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin, came second (see note 1). In third place was the National Front (BN), led by Prime Minister Ismail Sabri Yaakob. On 24 November, King Al-Sultan Abdullah Ri'ayatuddin Al-Mustafa Billah Shah appointed Mr. Anwar as the new Prime Minister. On 16 December, Mr. Anwar announced a unity government comprising the PH, BN and Sarawak Parties Alliance (GPS), which jointly held 129 seats according to the official election results . On 19 December, the newly elected House of Representatives held its first session and elected Mr. Johari Abdul (see note 2) as its Speaker. Later on the same day, Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim won a vote of confidence in parliament.

Early elections in 2022 followed years of political instability at a time when the economy has been ravaged by the COVID-19 pandemic. The opposition coalition that had won the 2018 elections fell apart in 2020. On 10 October 2022, Prime Minister Ismail Sabri Yaakob dissolved parliament and called for snap elections nearly one year earlier than they were constitutionally required. He stated that the fresh polls would end years of political instability.

Note 1:
Mr. Muhyiddin (BN) succeeded Mr. Mahathir Mohamad (who had led Pakatan Harapan in 2018) as Prime Minister in 2020, but resigned in August 2021.
Former long-serving prime minister, Mahathir Mohamad, 97, failed to retain his seat in the 2022 elections. He announced that he would retire from politics after his new party, Pejuang, failed to win any seats.

Note 2:
The Speaker may be elected either from among elected members of the House of Representatives or from among persons who are qualified for election to the House of Representatives. The new Speaker, Mr. Abdul (who was nominated by Prime Minister Anwar), was designated from outside parliament and became a member of the House of Representatives by virtue of holding his office. The new legislature thus comprises a total of 223 members (222 directly elected members and the Speaker).
Number of parties winning seats The number of parties which won parliamentary representation in the given election.
11
Percentage of parties winning seats The percentage is calculated by dividing the number of parties which won parliamentary representation by the number of parties contesting the election.
64.71%
Percentage of seats won by largest party or coalition The percentage is calculated by dividing the number of seats won by the largest party by the number of seats at stake in the election.
34.23%
Alternation of power after elections The results of the elections caused a change in the government. "Not applicable" to countries using the presidential system when parliamentary and presidential elections are held separately, to countries in political transition or where there is no party system.
Not applicable
Note on the alternation of power
The Prime Minister changed three times during the outgoing legislature.
Number of parties in government The government may be formed by one or more political parties
3
Names of parties in government The government may be formed by one or more political parties
Pakatan Harapan (PH), National Front (BN), Sarawak Parties Alliance (GPS)
Parties or coalitions winning seats
Political groups winning seats breakdown
Political group Total
Pakatan Harapan (PH) 76
National Alliance (PN) 52
National Front (BN) 30
Sarawak Parties Alliance (GPS) 23
Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) 22
Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS) 6
Democratic Action Party (DAP) 5
Heritage Party (WARISAN) 3
Parti Bangsa Malaysia (PBM) 1
Kesejahteraan Demokratik Masyarakat (KDM) 1
Malaysian United Democratic Alliance (MUDA) 1
Independents (BEBES) 2
Members elected, by sex
Number of men elected
192
Number of women elected
30
Percentage of women elected The percentage is calculated by dividing the number of women elected in the election and the number of seats at stake at the election.
13.51%
Note on the Distribution of seats according to sex
- After the general elections held on 19 November 2022, there were 30 women out of 221 members, with one vacancy.
- After the deferred election held on 7 December, there were 30 women out of the full 222 members.
- After the first session of the newly elected House of Representatives, held on 19 December, there were 30 women out of 223 people (222 members, and the Speaker who was designated from outside parliament).
Other notes
Note on the Parties or coalitions winning seats:
Due to the death of a candidate, the election in one state was postponed until 7 December 2022. A male candidate from the National Front (BN) was elected. The statistics above include the results of the deferred election.
Sources
Parliament (13.12.2022, 20.12.2022)
https://www.spr.gov.my/
Women Directly Elected
30

New legislature

Total number of men after the election The total number of male parliamentarians in this parliament/chamber following the election or renewal, regardless of their modes of designation.
193
Total number of women after the election The total number of female parliamentarians in this parliament/chamber following the election or renewal, regardless of their modes of designation.
30
First-term parliamentarians The number of members who are assuming their parliamentary mandate for the first time following the election or renewal, regardless of their mode of designation.
89
Date of the first session The date when the newly elected parliament/chamber was convened for the first time. It may be different from the date when members were sworn in.
19.12.2022
First Speaker of the new legislature
First Speaker of the new legislature First name of the Speaker of the new legislature following the election or renewal.
Johari Abdul (Male)
Date of election
19.12.2022