Germany

Start and end of mandate

Start of the parliamentary mandate for appointed members
Not applicable
Members of this parliament/chamber are not elected.
End of the parliamentary mandate
When the new chamber meets for the first time
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Speaker

Mode of designation of the Speaker
The Speaker is elected from among the members of parliament/chamber
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Authority that designates the Speaker When the Speaker is designated from outside parliament.
Not applicable
Rank of the Speaker in the hierarchy of the State The Speaker often has a very high rank in the protocollary hierarchy of the State.
Speaker becomes interim Head of State in the event of the latter’s death or incapacity In some countries, the Speaker acts as interim Head of State when required by the circumstances, such as death or incapacity.
No
Speaker's mandate continues between legislatures The mandate of the Speaker may continue until their successor is elected, even after the dissolution of parliament/chamber.
Yes
Speaker terms
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Immunity and code of conduct

Parliament’s authorization is required for the detention or prosecution of members
Yes, except for flagrant delicto
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Notes
in criminal cases, no permission has to be obtained from the bundestag for the arrest of, or the initiation of criminal proceedings against, a member, if he/she is apprehended in flagrante delicto or in the course of the following day. cf. article 46 (2) of the basic law; principle 6 of the principles governing matters relating to immunity.
There is a Code of conduct for members

Salaries and allowances

Basic salary
121,683 (2022)
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Basic allowances
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Names of the basic allowances
Costs allowance
Members pay income tax on salaries Salaries and/or allowances may be subject to income tax or equivalent.
Yes
Members pay income tax on allowances Salaries and/or allowances may be subject to income tax or equivalent.
No
Members can have remunerated employment outside parliament Certain parliaments allow MPs to exercise other remunerated employment outside parliament.
Members are required to declare income from other employment to parliament In certain countries, MPs exercising other employment may be required to declare their income.
Yes
List of the other allowances provided for constituency work
Personal staff: MPs receive an allowance to employ personal staff to assist in carrying out parliamentary work.
Members receive an annual first-class rail pass for the German railway.

The basic costs allowance that MPs receive cover the costs associated with running a constituency office and/or housing in Berlin.
Facilities, services and allowances for constituency work
Personal staff to work directly for the parliamentarian The personal staff to work directly for the parliamentarian is different from parliamentary staff work for the secretariat of Parliament.
Office at parliament
Constituency office Certain countries provide for an office at constituency if it’s different from a seat of parliament, which is often in the capital. The office at constituency is applicable mainly to the countries using the Plurality/Majority system of elections.
Other cash or in-kind allowances for constituency work The common in-kind allowances for constituency work include those for travel, overnight stay, etc.
Yes
Additional salaries and allowances for leadership positions
List of salaries and allowances for leadership positions
Salary Allowances
Speaker yes yes
Committee Chair yes yes
Other leadership positions that receive additional salaries or allowances Some parliaments provides for additional salaries or allowances to the Deputy Speaker/Vice President, heads of parliamentary groups, etc.
Speaker - 10,083 euros per month
Deputy Speaker - 5042 euros per month
Committee Chairs - 1513 euros per month
Parliament determines the amount of salaries Some parliaments determine the amount of salaries of MPs. The amount may be set by other institution than parliament.
Yes
Name of the body (or bodies) in parliament which determines the amount
Salary is adjusted annually on 1 July on the basis of the nominal wage index provided by the German Federal Bureau of Statistics to the Speaker of the Bundetag each year on 31 March. The Speaker then determines the amount of the salary and publishes it.
Parliament determines the amount of allowances Some parliaments determine the amount of allowances of MPs. The amount may be set by other institution than parliament.
Yes
Name of the body (or bodies) in parliament which determines the amount
Allowance is adjusted on 1 January of each year based on the general costs of living of all private households in the previous calendar year. The amount of the allowances is determined without any discretion and is published by the president of the German Bundestag.
The parliamentary salary is determined in reference to another salary scale In some countries, the amount of parliamentary salary is determined in reference to another salary scale, such as civil service salary scale, ministerial salary or the minimum wage of the country.
The data valid for the year
2020
Information on salaries and allowances on the parliamentary website Certain parliaments publish the information on MPs’ salaries and allowances on parliamentary website. The amount of information may vary from one parliament to the other.
Amount of allowances received by each member
No

Participation in the government

Members of the government must also be members of parliament Members of the government must also be members of parliament: Must be a member of parliament; Cannot be a member of parliament; Can be a member of parliament; Other

Notes

Members of the Executive can be members of the Bundestag but not of the Bundesrat, each of whose members must hold the office of minister or premier in one of the 16 German states.
Number of members of the parliament/chamber who are also members of the government
49
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Percentage of members of parliament/chamber who are also members of the government The percentage is calculated by dividing the number of members of the parliament/chamber who are also members of the government by the statutory number of members of parliament/chamber.
6.66%