India
Law-making
Data on parliament’s law-making role and activities
Legislative activity
Number of laws adopted by parliament, per year
25 (2022)
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Total number of laws adopted by Parliament in the previous legislature
180 (2019)
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Number of laws adopted in the previous legislature that were initiated by parliament
0 (2019)
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Number of laws adopted in the previous legislature that were initiated by the government
180 (2019)
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Dates of the previous legislature
18.05.2014 to 25.05.2019
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Outcome when the two chambers cannot agree on a piece of draft legislation
For bicameral parliaments: Outcome when the two chambers cannot agree on a piece of draft legislationNot applicable; The legislation cannot be adopted unless both chambers agree; The decision of the lower chamber will take effect after a certain deadline; The decision of the upper chamber will take effect after a certain deadline; Other (please specify)
For bicameral parliaments: Outcome when the two chambers cannot agree on a piece of draft legislation
Other (please specify)
Notes
Article 108 of the Constitution of India provides for a joint sitting of both the Houses of Parliament which may be summoned by the President for resolving a disagreement between the two Houses on a Bill. There is, however, no provision for joint sitting on a Money Bill and a Constitution Amendment Bill. In case of Money Bill, after it is passed by the House of the People it is transmitted to the Council of States for its recommendations and the Council of States shall return the Bill to the Lower House within a period of 14 days from the date of the receipt of the Bill.
Source
Legal documents that stipulate parliament's role.
Constitution, Article 108 and 109
Executive-legislative relations
Legislation adopted by parliament requires the assent of the Head of State
In some countries, the Constitution foresees that legislation adopted by parliament must be signed into law by the Head of State. If so, the Head of State may, for example, have the power to veto the legislation, return it to parliament, or submit it to another body such as a constitutional court.
Yes
Source
Legal documents that stipulate parliament's role.
Constitution, Article 111
Number of times the Head of State declined to give assent to legislation, per year
0 (2022)
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Notes
For some parliaments, data can not be presented on an annual basis, for example because parliamentary sessions run from April to March of the following year. In such cases, the period to which the data corresponds is specified here.
Article 111 of the Constitution of India relates to assent to Bills.
If the President withholds assent of a Bill -- if it is not a Money Bill -- it is returned to parliament to reconsider along with any specified provisions, desired amendments, and or recommendations. The Houses shall reconsider the Bill accordingly. If it is passed again by both Houses with or without amendment, the President cannot withhold assent. Moreover, the President is bound to give assent to Constitution Amendment Bills.
If the President withholds assent of a Bill -- if it is not a Money Bill -- it is returned to parliament to reconsider along with any specified provisions, desired amendments, and or recommendations. The Houses shall reconsider the Bill accordingly. If it is passed again by both Houses with or without amendment, the President cannot withhold assent. Moreover, the President is bound to give assent to Constitution Amendment Bills.
Consequences when the Head of State declines to give assent to legislation
Consequences when the Head of State declines to give assent to legislation: Not applicable; No further action is taken. The legislation is rejected; The legislation is returned to Parliament for re-examination; The legislation is referred to the Constitutional/Supreme Court;The legislation is put to a referendum; Other (please specify)
No further action is taken. The legislation is rejected
The legislation is returned to Parliament for re-examination
Not applicable. The Head of State cannot decline to give assent to legislation adopted by parliament
No
Final decision when parliament and the Head of State do not agree
Final decision when parliament and the Head of State do not agree: Not applicable; Parliament; Head of State; Constitutional/Supreme Court; Other (please specify)
Not applicable
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Existence of a procedure to introduce emergency legislation
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Not applicable. There is no procedure to introduce emergency legislation.
No