Japan
Law-making
Data on parliament’s law-making role and activities
Legislative activity
Number of laws adopted by parliament, per year
105 (2022)
See historical data for this field.
Total number of laws adopted by Parliament in the previous legislature
278 (2022)
See historical data for this field.
Number of laws adopted in the previous legislature that were initiated by parliament
67 (2022)
See historical data for this field.
Number of laws adopted in the previous legislature that were initiated by the government
211 (2022)
See historical data for this field.
Dates of the previous legislature
01.08.2019 to 31.07.2022
See historical data for this field.
Outcome when the two chambers cannot agree on a piece of draft legislation
For bicameral parliaments: Outcome when the two chambers cannot agree on a piece of draft legislationNot applicable; The legislation cannot be adopted unless both chambers agree; The decision of the lower chamber will take effect after a certain deadline; The decision of the upper chamber will take effect after a certain deadline; Other (please specify)
For bicameral parliaments: Outcome when the two chambers cannot agree on a piece of draft legislation
Other (please specify)
Notes
A bill which is passed by the House of Representatives, and upon which the House of Councillors makes a decision different from that of the House of Representatives, becomes a law when passed a second time by the House of Representatives by a majority of two-thirds or more of the members present. The provision of the preceding paragraph does not preclude the House of Representatives from calling for the meeting of a joint committee of both Houses, provided for by law. Failure by the House of Councillors to take final action within sixty days after receipt of a bill passed by the House of Representatives, time in recess excepted, may be determined by the House of Representatives to constitute a rejection of the said bill by the House of Councillors.
Source
Legal documents that stipulate parliament's role.
Constitution, art. 59 §2, 3 and 4
Executive-legislative relations
Legislation adopted by parliament requires the assent of the Head of State
In some countries, the Constitution foresees that legislation adopted by parliament must be signed into law by the Head of State. If so, the Head of State may, for example, have the power to veto the legislation, return it to parliament, or submit it to another body such as a constitutional court.
No
Source
Legal documents that stipulate parliament's role.
Constitution, art. 7 and 59
Consequences when the Head of State declines to give assent to legislation
Consequences when the Head of State declines to give assent to legislation: Not applicable; No further action is taken. The legislation is rejected; The legislation is returned to Parliament for re-examination; The legislation is referred to the Constitutional/Supreme Court;The legislation is put to a referendum; Other (please specify)
Not applicable
Not applicable. The Head of State cannot decline to give assent to legislation adopted by parliament
Yes
Final decision when parliament and the Head of State do not agree
Final decision when parliament and the Head of State do not agree: Not applicable; Parliament; Head of State; Constitutional/Supreme Court; Other (please specify)
Not applicable
Compare data of this field.
Existence of a procedure to introduce emergency legislation
Click for historical data
See historical data for this field.
Not applicable. There is no procedure to introduce emergency legislation.
No