The Lithuanian Peasant and Greens Union (LVZS), which held only one seat in the outgoing legislature, won a surprise victory, taking 54 seats in the 141-member Parliament. Mr. Saulius Skvernelis, a popular former police chief, led the LVLS election campaign together with the party chairman and wealthy businessman, Mr. Ramunas Karbauskis. Prime Minister Algirdas Butkevicius' Lithuanian Social Democratic Party (LSDP) - the largest party in the outgoing legislature - finished third, behind the Homeland Union - Lithuanian Christian Democrats (TS-LKD), led by Mr. Gabrielius Landsbergis. On 9 November, the LVZS and the LSDP signed a coalition agreement.

The 2016 elections were the first to be held since the country introduced the euro in 2015. During the election campaign, the major parties focused on economic growth, stopping the emigration of Lithuanians and measures to raise living standards and minimum wages. Over the last ten years, the growth rate halved to around 2-3% per year and the population has fallen from 3.3 to 2.9 million people.

Note:
New boundaries were used for the 71 single-member constituencies following the October 2015 ruling of the Constitutional Court which ruled the previous constituencies unconstitutional (due to a 50-per-cent population disparity between the largest and smallest constituencies). The Election Commission re-allotted the constituency boundaries in December 2015.