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Political system
Political systems: Presidential, Parliamentary, Presidential-Parliamentary, Monarchy, Communist, Transitional.
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Parliamentary system
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Structure of parliament
Structure of parliament: Unicameral, bicameral
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Bicameral
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IPU membership
Current membership status
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Yes
Law-making
Data on parliament’s law-making role and activities
Legislative activity
- Number of laws adopted by parliament, per year
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84(2022)
Notes: Three laws during the 2017-2021 legislature were initiated by one of the Regional Councils.
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Total number of laws adopted by Parliament in the previous legislature
“Legislature” refers to the full period between the first session of a new legislature until it’s dissolution.
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176(2022-11)
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Number of laws adopted in the previous legislature that were initiated by parliament
In some cases other entities have the right to initiate legislation in national parliaments – such as citizens, autonomous regions, and other high-level government institutions.
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33(2022-11)
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Number of laws adopted in the previous legislature that were initiated by the government
In some cases other entities have the right to initiate legislation in national parliaments – such as citizens, autonomous regions, and other high-level government institutions.
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143(2022-11)
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Percentage of laws initiated by parliament in the previous legislature
The percentage is calculated by dividing the number of the laws adopted that were initiated by parliament by the total number of laws adopted in the previous legislature.
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19%(2022-11)
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Dates of the previous legislature
Refers to the full period between the first session of a new legislature until it’s dissolution
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11 Nov 2020 to 01 Nov 2022(2022-11)
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Outcome when the two chambers cannot agree on a piece of draft legislation
For bicameral parliaments: Outcome when the two chambers cannot agree on a piece of draft legislationNot applicable; The legislation cannot be adopted unless both chambers agree; The decision of the lower chamber will take effect after a certain deadline; The decision of the upper chamber will take effect after a certain deadline; Other (please specify) For bicameral parliaments: Outcome when the two chambers cannot agree on a piece of draft legislation
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Other
Notes: If the Senate rejects a draft law by resolution, the Chairman will present it to the Chamber of Deputies for a vote at the next meeting, but no earlier than 10 days after the resolution is delivered to the deputies. The bill is adopted if the Chamber of Deputies approves it by a majority vote.
Sources:
Constitution, Art. 47
Rules of Procedure of the Chamber of Deputies, § 97
Executive-legislative relations
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Legislation adopted by parliament requires the assent of the Head of State
In some countries, the Constitution foresees that legislation adopted by parliament must be signed into law by the Head of State. If so, the Head of State may, for example, have the power to veto the legislation, return it to parliament, or submit it to another body such as a constitutional court.
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Yes
Sources: Constitution, Art. 50
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Number of times the Head of State declined to give assent to legislation, per year
In some countries, the Constitution foresees that legislation adopted by parliament must be signed into law by the Head of State. If so, the Head of State may, for example, have the power to veto the legislation, return it to parliament, or submit it to another body such as a constitutional court.
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3(2022)
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Consequences when the Head of State declines to give assent to legislation
Consequences when the Head of State declines to give assent to legislation: Not applicable; No further action is taken. The legislation is rejected; The legislation is returned to Parliament for re-examination; The legislation is referred to the Constitutional/Supreme Court;The legislation is put to a referendum; Other (please specify)
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The legislation is returned to Parliament for re-examination
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Final decision when parliament and the Head of State do not agree
Final decision when parliament and the Head of State do not agree: Not applicable; Parliament; Head of State; Constitutional/Supreme Court; Other (please specify)
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Parliament
Existence of a procedure to introduce emergency legislation
Click for historical data
Notes: The procedure is intended for laws that are not of a controversial nature. The procedure was adopted in connection with the preparation of the accession to the EU and enables the draft law to be adopted in the Chamber of Deputies already in the first reading, i.e. without committee discussions, without the amendment procedure and without second and third readings. The decisive vote will take place already in the first reading. The proposal to apply this procedure must be given by the proposer of the law together with his proposal, and his justification must be contained in the explanatory report. The Chamber does not have the possibility to autonomously initiate the procedure of approving the law in the first reading. If at least two parliamentary clubs or at least 50 deputies object to the proposal for this procedure, the proposal cannot be discussed in this way. If the House approves this procedure, which is voted upon after the end of the general debate, a detailed debate follows. It is not possible to submit amendments or other proposals, only the correction of the effective date in the draft law and the correction of legislative technical, grammatical, written or printing errors can be proposed. At the end of the first reading, the Chamber decides after the final speech of the proposer and the rapporteur, whether it expresses its agreement with the proposal. This concludes the discussion of the law in the Chamber of Deputies and the draft law is adopted here. If the consent of the House cannot be expressed at this stage, it is not a rejection of the bill, but it is possible to continue with the standard legislative process in the first reading. The bill can be returned or rejected, if not, the bill is referred to committees and the next legislative procedure follows.
Sources: Rules of Procedure of Chamber of Deputies, §90 sections 2-7