Germany

German Bundestag Federal Council

German Bundestag

Political system
Parliamentary system
Structure of parliament
Bicameral
IPU membership
Yes
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Election results

Data on parliamentary elections, including the background, candidates, voter turnout, results and the formation of the new legislature. By default the latest election results are displayed. Select a date to view results from previous elections.

Background

Election date(s)
23 Feb 2025
Date of dissolution of the outgoing legislature
27 Dec 2024
Timing of election
Early elections
Expected date of next elections
28 Feb 2029
Number of seats at stake
630
Scope of elections
Full renewal

Candidates

Number of parties contesting the election
29

Voter turnout

Registered voters
60,490,603
Voters
49,927,315
Voter turnout
82.5%

Results

Number of parties winning seats
7
Percentage of parties winning seats
24.1%
Percentage of seats won by largest party or coalition
26.0%

Parties or coalitions winning seats

Parties or coalitions winning seats
Political group Total
Christian Democratic Union (CDU) 164
Alternative for Germany (AfD) 152
Social Democratic Party (SPD) 120
Green Party 85
Left Party (Die Linke) 64
Christian Social Union of Bavaria (CSU) 44
The South-Schleswigian Voters’ Association 1
Members elected, by sex
Number of men elected
426
Number of women elected
204
Percentage of women elected
32.4%
Women Directly Elected
204
Other notes on the elections

Note on the 2023 amendments to electoral law
In accordance with the law (published in June 2023) amending the Federal Elections Act, the number of members in the Bundestag is limited to 630, instead of 589, as previously. The new statutory number was first applied at the 2025 elections. The number of constituencies remains at 299.
Each voter casts two votes, as before. The first vote is for the constituency (under a majority system), and the second vote for the state lists (under a proportional representation system).
The results of the second vote determine the proportional composition of the Bundestag, based on the share of votes received by political parties. Parties that exceed 5% of the national vote or that win three constituencies are entitled to seats. Seats are first allocated to candidates who receive a relative majority in one of the 299 constituencies. The remaining seats are filled according to the order of the party lists.
In contrast to the previous system, constituency seats are distributed only up to the share of seats to which the party is entitled according to its share of the second votes. If a party wins more constituency seats than it is entitled to according to its second vote share, the constituency candidates with the lowest share of votes for that party will not receive a seat. In the 2025 Bundestag elections, candidates in 23 constituencies did not receive a seat due to this new mechanism.

Sources

New legislature

Total number of men after the election
426
Total number of women after the election
204
Percentage of women after the election
32.4%
First-term parliamentarians
No information available
Percentage of first-term parliamentarians
No information available
Date of the first session
25 Mar 2025

First Speaker of the new legislature

Personal details for the first Speaker of the new legislature
Julia Klöckner (Female)
Date of birth: 16 Dec 1972
Political party
Christian Democratic Union (CDU)
Date of election
25 Mar 2025

Historical data for IPU membership

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Historical data for IPU membership
Year IPU membership
2020-09
List of values for 2020-09
No
2019-04
List of values for 2019-04
No
2018-06
List of values for 2018-06
No