Germany
German Bundestag
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Political system
Political systems: Presidential, Parliamentary, Presidential-Parliamentary, Monarchy, Communist, Transitional.
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Parliamentary system
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Structure of parliament
Structure of parliament: Unicameral, bicameral
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Bicameral
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IPU membership
Current membership status
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Yes
Election results
Data on parliamentary elections, including the background, candidates, voter turnout, results and the formation of the new legislature. By default the latest election results are displayed. Select a date to view results from previous elections.
Background
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Election date(s)
The date when elections started and ended for directly or indirectly elected parliaments/chambers. The date of appointments for appointed parliaments/chambers.
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23 Feb 2025
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Date of dissolution of the outgoing legislature
Date at which the previous legislature (elected at the previous elections) was dissolved.
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27 Dec 2024
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Timing of election
Timing of election: Upon normal expiry; Early elections; Delayed elections
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Early elections
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Expected date of next elections
The expected date at which the next elections should take place, based on law or practice.
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28 Feb 2029
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Number of seats at stake
Number of seats contested at the elections. Where the parliament/chamber is fully renewed, this number is usually identical to the statutory number of members. Where the parliament/chamber is partially renewed or appointed, the number of seats at stake is usually less than the total number of members.
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630
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Scope of elections
Scope of elections: Full renewal; Partial renewal.
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Full renewal
Candidates
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Number of parties contesting the election
This field may include either the number of parties contesting the election, or the number of coalitions/electoral alliance.
View field in the data dictionary -
29
Voter turnout
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Registered voters
Number of people registered to vote
View field in the data dictionary -
60,490,603
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Voters
Number of people who actually voted
View field in the data dictionary -
49,927,315
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Voter turnout
The percentage is calculated by dividing the number of people who actually voted by the number of people registered to vote
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82.5%
Results
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Number of parties winning seats
The number of parties which won parliamentary representation in the given election.
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7
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Percentage of parties winning seats
The percentage is calculated by dividing the number of parties which won parliamentary representation by the number of parties contesting the election.
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24.1%
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Percentage of seats won by largest party or coalition
The percentage is calculated by dividing the number of seats won by the largest party by the number of seats at stake in the election.
View field in the data dictionary -
26.0%
Parties or coalitions winning seats
Political group | Total |
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Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | 164 |
Alternative for Germany (AfD) | 152 |
Social Democratic Party (SPD) | 120 |
Green Party | 85 |
Left Party (Die Linke) | 64 |
Christian Social Union of Bavaria (CSU) | 44 |
The South-Schleswigian Voters’ Association | 1 |
Members elected, by sex
- Number of men elected
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426
- Number of women elected
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204
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Percentage of women elected
The percentage is calculated by dividing the number of women elected by the number of seats filled.
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32.4%
- Women Directly Elected
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204
- Other notes on the elections
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Note on the 2023 amendments to electoral law
In accordance with the law (published in June 2023) amending the Federal Elections Act, the number of members in the Bundestag is limited to 630, instead of 589, as previously. The new statutory number was first applied at the 2025 elections. The number of constituencies remains at 299.
Each voter casts two votes, as before. The first vote is for the constituency (under a majority system), and the second vote for the state lists (under a proportional representation system).
The results of the second vote determine the proportional composition of the Bundestag, based on the share of votes received by political parties. Parties that exceed 5% of the national vote or that win three constituencies are entitled to seats. Seats are first allocated to candidates who receive a relative majority in one of the 299 constituencies. The remaining seats are filled according to the order of the party lists.
In contrast to the previous system, constituency seats are distributed only up to the share of seats to which the party is entitled according to its share of the second votes. If a party wins more constituency seats than it is entitled to according to its second vote share, the constituency candidates with the lowest share of votes for that party will not receive a seat. In the 2025 Bundestag elections, candidates in 23 constituencies did not receive a seat due to this new mechanism. - Sources
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German Bundestag (25.02.2025, 26.02.2025)
https://www.bundeswahlleiterin.de/en/bundestagswahlen/2025/ergebnisse/bund-99.html#seats1
https://www.bundeswahlleiterin.de/en/bundestagswahlen/2025/wahlbewerber.html
https://www.bundeswahlleiterin.de/en/bundestagswahlen/2025/gewaehlte/bund-99.html
https://www.recht.bund.de/bgbl/1/2023/147/VO.html#https://www.recht.bund.de/bgbl/1/2023/147/VO
https://www.bundestag.de/parlament/wahlen/wahlrecht-inhalt-975000
New legislature
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Total number of men after the election
The total number of male parliamentarians in this parliament/chamber following the election or renewal, regardless of their modes of designation.
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426
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Total number of women after the election
The total number of female parliamentarians in this parliament/chamber following the election or renewal, regardless of their modes of designation.
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204
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Percentage of women after the election
The percentage is calculated by dividing the total number of women in this parliament/chamber by the current number of members.
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32.4%
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First-term parliamentarians
The number of members who are assuming their parliamentary mandate for the first time following the election or renewal, regardless of their mode of designation.
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No information available
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Percentage of first-term parliamentarians
The percentage is calculated by dividing the number of first-term parliamentarians by the number of seats at stake in the election.
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No information available
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Date of the first session
The date when the newly elected parliament/chamber was convened for the first time. It may be different from the date when members were sworn in.
View field in the data dictionary -
25 Mar 2025
First Speaker of the new legislature
- Personal details for the first Speaker of the new legislature
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Julia Klöckner (Female)
Date of birth: 16 Dec 1972 -
Political party
The political party to which the Speaker belonged to at the moment of the election. In some parliaments, the Speaker suspends or relinquishes their party membership during their term in office and is considered as an independent member.
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Christian Democratic Union (CDU)
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Date of election
The date of the election of the Speaker may be different from the date of the first session of the new legislature.
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25 Mar 2025