Spain
Senate
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Political system
Political systems: Presidential, Parliamentary, Presidential-Parliamentary, Monarchy, Communist, Transitional.
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Parliamentary system
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Structure of parliament
Structure of parliament: Unicameral, bicameral
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Bicameral
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IPU membership
Current membership status
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Yes
Election results
Data on parliamentary elections, including the background, candidates, voter turnout, results and the formation of the new legislature. By default the latest election results are displayed. Select a date to view results from previous elections.
Background
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Election date(s)
The date when elections started and ended for directly or indirectly elected parliaments/chambers. The date of appointments for appointed parliaments/chambers.
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23 Jul 2023
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Date of dissolution of the outgoing legislature
Date at which the previous legislature (elected at the previous elections) was dissolved.
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No information available
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Timing of election
Timing of election: Upon normal expiry; Early elections; Delayed elections
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Early elections
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Expected date of next elections
The expected date at which the next elections should take place, based on law or practice.
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31 Jul 2027
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Number of seats at stake
Number of seats contested at the elections. Where the parliament/chamber is fully renewed, this number is usually identical to the statutory number of members. Where the parliament/chamber is partially renewed or appointed, the number of seats at stake is usually less than the total number of members.
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208
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Scope of elections
Scope of elections: Full renewal; Partial renewal.
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Full renewal
Results
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About the election
Short description of the context and results of the election.
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No party won an outright majority in the early general elections held in July 2023. The People's Party (PP), led by Mr. Alberto Núñez Feijóo, became the largest force in both chambers, taking 136 seats in the 350-member Congress of Deputies, and 120 seats in the 265-member Senate. The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), led by Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez, became the second largest force in both chambers with 122 and 72 seats respectively.
After Mr. Núñez Feijóo (PP), in alliance with Vox, failed twice to secure parliamentary support for a coalition government, then on 3 October 2023, King Felipe VI tasked Acting Prime Minister Sánchez (PSOE) with forming a government. On 16 November, the Congress of Deputies elected Mr. Sánchez (PSOE) as the Prime Minister for a third term. The new governing coalition, which jointly holds 179 seats, comprises the PSOE and seven other political parties, including SUMAR, ERC, Junts, EH Bildu, and EAJ-PNV (see note 1). On 21 November, the new Cabinet led by Mr. Sánchez (PSOE) was sworn in before King Felipe VI.
The snap elections in July 2023 followed a setback for the PSOE in local and regional elections held on 28 May. General elections were constitutionally due by early 2024 (see note 2). Key electoral questions included gender issues, the LGBTIQ+ agenda, and the nationalist and independentist movements.
Note 1:
The coalition agreement between PSOE and Junts (a separatist party in Catalonia) included an amnesty law for Catalan separatists who had been involved in a failed attempt to make Catalonia an independent country in 2017.Note 2:
The four-year term of the outgoing legislature started in December 2019, and was thus due to expire in December 2023. In accordance with Article 68.6 of the Constitution, elections were due between 30 and 60 days thereafter. -
Number of parties winning seats
The number of parties which won parliamentary representation in the given election.
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9
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Percentage of seats won by largest party or coalition
The percentage is calculated by dividing the number of seats won by the largest party by the number of seats at stake in the election.
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57.7%
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Number of parties in government
The government may be formed by one or more political parties
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8
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Names of parties in government
The government may be formed by one or more political parties
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Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) and seven other political parties, including SUMAR, ERC, Junts, EH Bildu, and EAJ-PNV
Parties or coalitions winning seats
| Political group | Total |
|---|---|
| People's Party (PP) | 120 |
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | 72 |
| Left for Independence | 7 |
| Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ-PNV) | 4 |
| Junts per Catalunya (“Together for Catalonia”, JxCAT) - Junts | 1 |
| Gomera Socialist Group (ASG) | 1 |
| Independent Herrenian Group (AHÍ) | 1 |
| Ibiza and Formentara in the Senate (PSOE-SUMAR-EUIB-ARA EIVISSA) | 1 |
| Navarrese People's Union (UPN) | 1 |
Members elected, by sex
- Number of men elected
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118
- Number of women elected
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90
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Percentage of women elected
The percentage is calculated by dividing the number of women elected by the number of seats filled.
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43.3%
- Women Directly Elected
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90
- Women Indirectly Elected
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21
- Other notes on the elections
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There are six vacancies among the 57 directly elected members.
- Sources
New legislature
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Total number of men after the election
The total number of male parliamentarians in this parliament/chamber following the election or renewal, regardless of their modes of designation.
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148
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Total number of women after the election
The total number of female parliamentarians in this parliament/chamber following the election or renewal, regardless of their modes of designation.
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111
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Percentage of women after the election
The percentage is calculated by dividing the total number of women in this parliament/chamber by the current number of members.
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42.9%
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First-term parliamentarians
The number of members who are assuming their parliamentary mandate for the first time following the election or renewal, regardless of their mode of designation.
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No information available
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Percentage of first-term parliamentarians
The percentage is calculated by dividing the number of first-term parliamentarians by the number of seats at stake in the election.
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No information available
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Date of the first session
The date when the newly elected parliament/chamber was convened for the first time. It may be different from the date when members were sworn in.
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17 Aug 2023
First Speaker of the new legislature
- Personal details for the first Speaker of the new legislature
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Pedro Rollán (Male)
Date of birth: 21 Mar 1969 -
Political party
The political party to which the Speaker belonged to at the moment of the election. In some parliaments, the Speaker suspends or relinquishes their party membership during their term in office and is considered as an independent member.
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People's Party (PP)
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Date of election
The date of the election of the Speaker may be different from the date of the first session of the new legislature.
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17 Aug 2023