Japan
House of Representatives
-
Political system
Political systems: Presidential, Parliamentary, Presidential-Parliamentary, Monarchy, Communist, Transitional.
View field in the data dictionary -
Parliamentary system
-
Structure of parliament
Structure of parliament: Unicameral, bicameral
View field in the data dictionary -
Bicameral
-
IPU membership
Current membership status
View field in the data dictionary -
Yes
Election results
Data on parliamentary elections, including the background, candidates, voter turnout, results and the formation of the new legislature. By default the latest election results are displayed. Select a date to view results from previous elections.
Background
-
Election date(s)
The date when elections started and ended for directly or indirectly elected parliaments/chambers. The date of appointments for appointed parliaments/chambers.
View field in the data dictionary -
27 Oct 2024
-
Date of dissolution of the outgoing legislature
Date at which the previous legislature (elected at the previous elections) was dissolved.
View field in the data dictionary -
09 Oct 2024
-
Timing of election
Timing of election: Upon normal expiry; Early elections; Delayed elections
View field in the data dictionary -
Early elections
-
Expected date of next elections
The expected date at which the next elections should take place, based on law or practice.
View field in the data dictionary -
31 Oct 2028
-
Number of seats at stake
Number of seats contested at the elections. Where the parliament/chamber is fully renewed, this number is usually identical to the statutory number of members. Where the parliament/chamber is partially renewed or appointed, the number of seats at stake is usually less than the total number of members.
View field in the data dictionary -
465
-
Scope of elections
Scope of elections: Full renewal; Partial renewal.
View field in the data dictionary -
Full renewal
Candidates
-
Number of parties contesting the election
This field may include either the number of parties contesting the election, or the number of coalitions/electoral alliance.
View field in the data dictionary -
12
-
Total number of candidates
Total number of people who registered as candidates for election. Does not include people who stood as candidates to become "substitute members".
View field in the data dictionary -
1,344
-
Number of male candidates
Number of male candidates
View field in the data dictionary -
1,030
-
Number of female candidates
Number of female candidates
View field in the data dictionary -
314
-
Number of other candidates
Number of other candidates
View field in the data dictionary -
Not applicable
-
Percentage of women candidates
The percentage is calculated by dividing the number of women candidates by the total number of candidates.
View field in the data dictionary -
23.4%
Voter turnout
-
Registered voters
Number of people registered to vote
View field in the data dictionary -
103,880,749
-
Voters
Number of people who actually voted
View field in the data dictionary -
55,930,899
-
Voter turnout
The percentage is calculated by dividing the number of people who actually voted by the number of people registered to vote
View field in the data dictionary -
53.8%
Results
-
About the election
Short description of the context and results of the election.
View field in the data dictionary -
The ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), now led by Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba (see note 1), lost its majority in the 465-member House of Representatives in elections that were held a year earlier than constitutionally due. The LDP's share of seats sharply decreased from 259 in 2021 to 191 (see note 2). Its coalition partner, Komeito, led by Mr. Keiichi Ishii (who himself was voted out), also reduced its share of seats from 32 to 24. By contrast, the Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan (CDP), the main opposition party led by former Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda, significantly increased its share of seats from 96 to 148. Nippon Ishin (Japan Innovation Party, JIP, led by Mr. Nobuyuki Baba) remained the third force in the new legislature, winning 38 seats (down from 41). The Democratic Party for the People (DPP, led by Mr. Yuichiro Tamaki) more than doubled its share of seats from 11 to 28, and became the fourth largest force. The number of women increased from 45 (9.7%) to a record 73 (15.7%).
Following the elections, the CDP leader Mr. Noda said he would work with other parties to oust Prime Minister Ishiba. The DPP and JIP ruled out joining an LDP-led coalition, but said they were open to ad hoc cooperation on certain issues. Prime Minister Ishiba said he would seek to form a minority government. On 11 November, the newly elected House of Representatives re-elected Mr. Ishiba (LDP) as the Prime Minister in a run-off premiership election.
The 2024 elections followed a major scandal involving unrecorded donations to LDP parliamentarians. The elections were held amid high inflation and a rising cost of living. Key electoral issues included economic measures to counter inflation, and the minimum wage.
Note 1:
Mr. Ishiba, a former defence minister, was elected as the new LDP leader on 27 September 2024, and succeeded Prime Minister Fumio Kishida on 1 October. Shortly before taking office, Mr. Ishiba announced his intention to call early elections. The House of Representatives was dissolved on 9 October, only eight days after he assumed the premiership.Note 2:
Six independent candidates joined the LDP after the elections, giving it 197 seats. Together with Komeito, the ruling coalition holds 221 seats in all. -
Number of parties winning seats
The number of parties which won parliamentary representation in the given election.
View field in the data dictionary -
10
-
Percentage of parties winning seats
The percentage is calculated by dividing the number of parties which won parliamentary representation by the number of parties contesting the election.
View field in the data dictionary -
83.3%
-
Percentage of seats won by largest party or coalition
The percentage is calculated by dividing the number of seats won by the largest party by the number of seats at stake in the election.
View field in the data dictionary -
41.1%
Parties or coalitions winning seats
Political group | Total | Majority | Proportional |
---|---|---|---|
Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) | 191 | 132 | 59 |
Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan | 148 | 104 | 44 |
Nippon Ishin (Japan Innovation Party) | 38 | 23 | 15 |
Democratic Party for the People | 28 | 11 | 17 |
Komeito | 24 | 4 | 20 |
Reiwa Shinsengumi | 9 | 0 | 9 |
Japanese Communist Party (JCP) | 8 | 1 | 7 |
Sanseito | 3 | 0 | 3 |
Conservative Party of Japan | 2 | 0 | 2 |
Social Democratic Party (SDP) | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Others | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Independents | 12 | 12 | 0 |
Members elected, by sex
- Number of men elected
-
392
- Number of women elected
-
73
-
Percentage of women elected
The percentage is calculated by dividing the number of women elected by the number of seats filled.
View field in the data dictionary -
15.7%
- Women Directly Elected
-
73
- Sources
New legislature
-
Total number of men after the election
The total number of male parliamentarians in this parliament/chamber following the election or renewal, regardless of their modes of designation.
View field in the data dictionary -
392
-
Total number of women after the election
The total number of female parliamentarians in this parliament/chamber following the election or renewal, regardless of their modes of designation.
View field in the data dictionary -
73
-
Percentage of women after the election
The percentage is calculated by dividing the total number of women in this parliament/chamber by the current number of members.
View field in the data dictionary -
15.7%
-
First-term parliamentarians
The number of members who are assuming their parliamentary mandate for the first time following the election or renewal, regardless of their mode of designation.
View field in the data dictionary -
92
-
Percentage of first-term parliamentarians
The percentage is calculated by dividing the number of first-term parliamentarians by the number of seats at stake in the election.
View field in the data dictionary -
19.8%
-
Date of the first session
The date when the newly elected parliament/chamber was convened for the first time. It may be different from the date when members were sworn in.
View field in the data dictionary -
11 Nov 2024