Malaysia

House of Representatives

Political system: Parliamentary system
Structure of parliament: Bicameral
IPU membership: Yes

Election results

Data on parliamentary elections, including the background, candidates, voter turnout, results and the formation of the new legislature. By default the latest election results are displayed. Select a date to view results from previous elections.

Background

Election date(s): 19 Nov 2022
Date of dissolution of the outgoing legislature: 10 Oct 2022
Timing of election: Early elections
Expected date of next elections: 30 Nov 2027
Number of seats at stake: 222
Scope of elections: Full renewal

Candidates

Number of parties contesting the election: 17

Results

About the election: No coalitions won an outright majority in the early elections of 2022. Pakatan Harapan (PH, Alliance of Hope), led by former Deputy Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim, came first, winning 76 of the 222 seats at stake in the House of Representatives. The National Alliance (PN), led by former Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin, came second (see note 1). In third place was the National Front (BN), led by Prime Minister Ismail Sabri Yaakob. On 24 November, King Al-Sultan Abdullah Ri'ayatuddin Al-Mustafa Billah Shah appointed Mr. Anwar as the new Prime Minister. On 16 December, Mr. Anwar announced a unity government comprising the PH, BN and Sarawak Parties Alliance (GPS), which jointly held 129 seats according to the official election results . On 19 December, the newly elected House of Representatives held its first session and elected Mr. Johari Abdul (see note 2) as its Speaker. Later on the same day, Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim won a vote of confidence in parliament.

Early elections in 2022 followed years of political instability at a time when the economy has been ravaged by the COVID-19 pandemic. The opposition coalition that had won the 2018 elections fell apart in 2020. On 10 October 2022, Prime Minister Ismail Sabri Yaakob dissolved parliament and called for snap elections nearly one year earlier than they were constitutionally required. He stated that the fresh polls would end years of political instability.

Note 1:

Mr. Muhyiddin (BN) succeeded Mr. Mahathir Mohamad (who had led Pakatan Harapan in 2018) as Prime Minister in 2020, but resigned in August 2021.

Former long-serving prime minister, Mahathir Mohamad, 97, failed to retain his seat in the 2022 elections. He announced that he would retire from politics after his new party, Pejuang, failed to win any seats.

Note 2:

The Speaker may be elected either from among elected members of the House of Representatives or from among persons who are qualified for election to the House of Representatives. The new Speaker, Mr. Abdul (who was nominated by Prime Minister Anwar), was designated from outside parliament and became a member of the House of Representatives by virtue of holding his office. The new legislature thus comprises a total of 223 members (222 directly elected members and the Speaker).
Number of parties winning seats: 11
Percentage of parties winning seats: 64.7%
Percentage of seats won by largest party or coalition: 34.2%
Alternation of power after elections: Not applicable
Number of parties in government: 3
Names of parties in government: Pakatan Harapan (PH), National Front (BN), Sarawak Parties Alliance (GPS)

Parties or coalitions winning seats

Parties or coalitions winning seats
Political group	Total
Pakatan Harapan (PH)	76
National Alliance (PN)	52
National Front (BN)	30
Sarawak Parties Alliance (GPS)	23
Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS)	22
Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS)	6
Democratic Action Party (DAP)	5
Heritage Party (WARISAN)	3
Parti Bangsa Malaysia (PBM)	1
Kesejahteraan Demokratik Masyarakat (KDM)	1
Malaysian United Democratic Alliance (MUDA)	1
Independents (BEBES)	2

Members elected, by sex

Number of men elected: 192
Number of women elected: 30

Notes:
- After the general elections held on 19 November 2022, there were 30 women out of 221 members, with one vacancy.

- After the deferred election held on 7 December, there were 30 women out of the full 222 members.

- After the first session of the newly elected House of Representatives, held on 19 December, there were 30 women out of 223 people (222 members, and the Speaker who was designated from outside parliament).
Percentage of women elected: 13.5%
Women Directly Elected: 30
Other notes on the elections: Note on the Parties or coalitions winning seats:

Due to the death of a candidate, the election in one state was postponed until 7 December 2022. A male candidate from the National Front (BN) was elected. The statistics above include the results of the deferred election.
Sources: Parliament (13.12.2022, 20.12.2022)

https://www.spr.gov.my/

New legislature

Total number of men after the election: 193
Total number of women after the election: 30
Percentage of women after the election: 13.5%
First-term parliamentarians: 89
Percentage of first-term parliamentarians: 39.9%
Date of the first session: 19 Dec 2022

First Speaker of the new legislature

Personal details for the first Speaker of the new legislature: Johari Abdul (Male)
Date of birth: 1955
Date of election: 19 Dec 2022