Malaysia
House of Representatives
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Political system
Political systems: Presidential, Parliamentary, Presidential-Parliamentary, Monarchy, Communist, Transitional.
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Parliamentary system
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Structure of parliament
Structure of parliament: Unicameral, bicameral
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Bicameral
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IPU membership
Current membership status
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Yes
Law-making
Data on parliament’s law-making role and activities
Legislative activity
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Number of laws adopted by parliament, per year
Annual number of laws adopted by parliament, using data from the lower chamber by default in bicameral systems with differing legislative dates
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23(2023)
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Total number of laws adopted by Parliament in the previous legislature
“Legislature” refers to the full period between the first session of a new legislature until it’s dissolution.
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132(2018-07 - 2022-12)
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Number of laws adopted in the previous legislature that were initiated by parliament
In some cases other entities have the right to initiate legislation in national parliaments – such as citizens, autonomous regions, and other high-level government institutions.
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0(2018-07 - 2022-12)
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Number of laws adopted in the previous legislature that were initiated by the government
In some cases other entities have the right to initiate legislation in national parliaments – such as citizens, autonomous regions, and other high-level government institutions.
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132(2018-07 - 2022-12)
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Percentage of laws initiated by parliament in the previous legislature
The percentage is calculated by dividing the number of the laws adopted that were initiated by parliament by the total number of laws adopted in the previous legislature.
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0%(2018-07 - 2022-12)
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Dates of the previous legislature
Refers to the full period between the first session of a new legislature until it’s dissolution
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16 Jul 2018 to 10 Oct 2022(2018-07 - 2022-12)
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Outcome when the two chambers cannot agree on a piece of draft legislation
For bicameral parliaments: Outcome when the two chambers cannot agree on a piece of draft legislationNot applicable; The legislation cannot be adopted unless both chambers agree; The decision of the lower chamber will take effect after a certain deadline; The decision of the upper chamber will take effect after a certain deadline; Other (please specify) For bicameral parliaments: Outcome when the two chambers cannot agree on a piece of draft legislation
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The decision of the lower chamber will take effect after a certain deadline
Notes:
Money Bills: If the Senate does not pass the Bill within one month, the House of Representatives can present it directly to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong for Royal Assent.
Non-Money Bills: If the Senate rejects it the first time, the House of Representatives must wait one year before re-passing the Bill. If the Senate still does not pass it within one month, the House of Representatives can then present it to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong for Royal Assent.
Sources: Constitution, art. 68
Executive-legislative relations
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Legislation adopted by parliament requires the assent of the Head of State
In some countries, the Constitution foresees that legislation adopted by parliament must be signed into law by the Head of State. If so, the Head of State may, for example, have the power to veto the legislation, return it to parliament, or submit it to another body such as a constitutional court.
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No
Notes: Once a bill passes, it is presented to the Yang di–Pertuan Agong for assent which must be given within 30 days. If assent is not given within 30 days, the bill automatically becomes an Act.
Sources:
Constitution, art. 66 (4)
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Number of times the Head of State declined to give assent to legislation, per year
In some countries, the Constitution foresees that legislation adopted by parliament must be signed into law by the Head of State. If so, the Head of State may, for example, have the power to veto the legislation, return it to parliament, or submit it to another body such as a constitutional court.
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Click for historical data
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Consequences when the Head of State declines to give assent to legislation
Consequences when the Head of State declines to give assent to legislation: Not applicable; No further action is taken. The legislation is rejected; The legislation is returned to Parliament for re-examination; The legislation is referred to the Constitutional/Supreme Court;The legislation is put to a referendum; Other (please specify)
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Not applicable
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Final decision when parliament and the Head of State do not agree
Final decision when parliament and the Head of State do not agree: Not applicable; Parliament; Head of State; Constitutional/Supreme Court; Other (please specify)
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Other
Notes:
A bill becomes an Act after a certain timeframe and does not require the assent of the Head of State. However, some types of bills need the consent of other bodies before they can become law, such as the Conference of Rulers.
Sources: Constitution, art. 66(4), 152 and 153
Existence of a procedure to introduce emergency legislation
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Notes: Several laws were passed in relation to the state of emergency during the global health crisis pandemic due to COVID 19 in the year 2020 and 2021.
Sources:
Constitution, art. 150
2021 Emergency (Essential Powers) Ordinance