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Political system
Political systems: Presidential, Parliamentary, Presidential-Parliamentary, Monarchy, Communist, Transitional.
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Presidential-Parliamentary
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Structure of parliament
Structure of parliament: Unicameral, bicameral
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Unicameral
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IPU membership
Current membership status
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Yes
Parliamentary mandate
Start and end of mandate
- Start of the parliamentary mandate for newly elected members
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When the election results are declared
- Start of the parliamentary mandate for appointed members
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Not applicable
- End of the parliamentary mandate
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On the day of new elections
Speaker
- Mode of designation of the Speaker
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The Speaker is elected from among the members of parliament/chamber
- Authority that designates the Speaker when the Speaker is designated from outside parliament.
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Rank of the Speaker in the hierarchy of the State
The Speaker often has a very high rank in the protocollary hierarchy of the State.
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Second
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Speaker becomes interim Head of State in the event of the latter’s death or incapacity
In some countries, the Speaker acts as interim Head of State when required by the circumstances, such as death or incapacity.
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No
Notes: Until a new President is elected, the Vice-President of the Republic exercises the powers of the President of the Republic.
Sources: Constitution, art. 106
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Speaker's mandate continues between legislatures
The mandate of the Speaker may continue until their successor is elected, even after the dissolution of parliament/chamber.
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Yes
Speaker terms
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The term of the Speaker is different from the term of the house
The term of the Speaker may be different from the term of the House (legislature).
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Yes
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Speaker's term
The term may be shorter than one year.
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2 Years
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Fixed election date for the Speaker, if any
Speakers in several parliaments are elected on a fixed date in accordance with the Constitution.
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No information available
Notes:
Two elections are held for the Office of the Speaker in the course of a legislative term. Term of office for the first elected Speaker is two years, and term of office for the second elected Speaker is three years.
Candidates for Speaker are submitted to the Bureau within five days after the first meeting of the Assembly following the general elections or starting ten days before the end of the term of office of the Speaker for the election of the second term, with the election concluded within five days of the end of the period of nomination.
Sources: Rules of Procedure, art. 10
Immunity and code of conduct
- Parliament’s authorization is required for the detention or prosecution of members
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Yes, except for flagrant delicto
Notes: A deputy who is alleged to have committed an offence before or after election shall not be detained, interrogated, arrested or tried unless the Assembly decides otherwise, but this provision does not apply in cases of flagrante delicto requiring heavy penalty and in cases subject to Article 14 of the Constitution, as long as an investigation has been initiated before the election. Nevertheless, the competent authority must notify the Grand National Assembly of Turkey of the case immediately and directly.
Sources: 2017 Constitution, art. 14 and 83
- There is a Code of conduct for members
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Yes
Notes: In accordance with Article 29 of the Regulation on the Principles of Ethical Conduct for Public Officials and Application Procedures and Basics issued based on Law No. 5176 an "Ethics Commission" was established within the parliament to develop an ethical institutional culture, make recommendations and guidance regarding the problems encountered by personnel regarding the principles of ethical conduct, and to evaluate ethical practices.
- Links to codes of conduct
Salaries and allowances
- Members are paid salaries by parliament
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Yes(2023)
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Basic salary, per year
The figures are the gross amount before tax in national currency.
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1,152,942 TRY(2023)
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Basic salary, per year in PPP
The figures are provided by parliaments in national currency and converted to PPP dollars using World Bank conversion tables.
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244,267(2023)
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Basic allowances
“Basic allowances” are allowances that are automatically paid to all parliamentarians. They are received in advance as a lump sum at a flat rate. They are not intended to be reimbursement for any expenses. Basic allowances are sometimes called “representation allowance”, “supplemental allowance”, “end-of-year allowance”, etc.
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Click for historical data
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Basic allowance in PPP
The figures were provided by parliaments in national currency and converted to PPP dollars using World Bank conversion tables.
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4,564
- Names of the basic allowances
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Travel allowance
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Members pay income tax on salaries
Salaries and/or allowances may be subject to income tax or equivalent.
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Yes
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Members pay income tax on allowances
Salaries and/or allowances may be subject to income tax or equivalent.
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No information available
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Members can have remunerated employment outside parliament
Certain parliaments allow MPs to exercise other remunerated employment outside parliament.
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No
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Members are required to declare income from other employment to parliament
In certain countries, MPs exercising other employment may be required to declare their income.
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No information available
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Additional salaries and allowances provided for leadership positions
The amount of salaries and allowances is generally higher for the Speaker/President. Some parliaments also provide for additional allowances to Chairs of Committees.
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Yes
Facilities, services and allowances for constituency work
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Personal staff to work directly for the parliamentarian
The personal staff to work directly for the parliamentarian is different from parliamentary staff work for the secretariat of Parliament.
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Yes
- Office at parliament
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Yes
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Constituency office
Certain countries provide for an office at constituency if it’s different from a seat of parliament, which is often in the capital. The office at constituency is applicable mainly to the countries using the Plurality/Majority system of elections.
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No
- Housing
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No
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Other cash or in-kind allowances for constituency work
The common in-kind allowances for constituency work include those for travel, overnight stay, etc.
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No
Additional salaries and allowances for leadership positions
Salary | Allowances | |
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Speaker | Yes | |
Committee Chair | Yes |
Notes:
Additional salary received per annum:
Speaker: 16,944 TRY
Deputy Speaker: 14,124 TRY
Member of the Bureau of the President: 10,164 TRY
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Salary of the Speaker
Some parliaments pay for additional salaries to the Speaker/President. Other parliaments have a separate amount of salaries for this post. The total amount of the salaries of the Speaker/President is indicated for both cases.
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No information available
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Parliament determines the amount of salaries
Some parliaments determine the amount of salaries of MPs. The amount may be set by other institution than parliament.
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No
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Name of the institution outside parliament which determines the amount
This question is only relevant if the amount is set by other institution than parliament.
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No information available
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Parliament determines the amount of allowances
Some parliaments determine the amount of allowances of MPs. The amount may be set by other institution than parliament.
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No
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The parliamentary salary is determined in reference to another salary scale
In some countries, the amount of parliamentary salary is determined in reference to another salary scale, such as civil service salary scale, ministerial salary or the minimum wage of the country.
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No
Notes: The monthly amount of the salary cannot exceed the salary of the most senior civil servant and the travel allowance shall not surpass half of that salary.
Sources: 2017 Constitution, art. 86
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Reference scale used for parliamentary salaries
Reference scale used for parliamentary salaries: Civil service salary scale; Ministerial salary; Minimum wage; Other (please specify)
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Civil service salary scale
Notes: Article 86 of the Constitution of Turkey states that the salaries, allowances and retirement arrangements of the members of the Turkish Grand National Assembly shall be regulated by law. The monthly amount of the salary shall not exceed the salary of the most senior civil servant; the travel allowance shall not exceed half of that salary. Also, in every year with the budget law, changes in these amounts are determined and executed by the Council of Ministers.
- Information on salaries and allowances on the parliamentary website
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- Links to information on salaries and allowances
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No information available
- Year data was last reported
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2021
Participation in the government
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Members of the government must also be members of parliament
Members of the government must also be members of parliament: Must be a member of parliament; Cannot be a member of parliament; Can be a member of parliament; Other
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Can be a member of parliament
- Number of members of the parliament/chamber who are also members of the government
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No information available
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Members for whom data is available
Number of members, at the start of the legislature, for whom age data is available
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600(2023)
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Percentage of members of parliament/chamber who are also members of the government
The percentage is calculated by dividing the number of members of the parliament/chamber who are also members of the government by the statutory number of members of parliament/chamber.
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No information available