United States of America
Senate
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Political system
Political systems: Presidential, Parliamentary, Presidential-Parliamentary, Monarchy, Communist, Transitional.
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Presidential system
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Structure of parliament
Structure of parliament: Unicameral, bicameral
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Bicameral
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IPU membership
Current membership status
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No
Election results
Data on parliamentary elections, including the background, candidates, voter turnout, results and the formation of the new legislature. By default the latest election results are displayed. Select a date to view results from previous elections.
Background
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Election date(s)
The date when elections started and ended for directly or indirectly elected parliaments/chambers. The date of appointments for appointed parliaments/chambers.
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05 Nov 2024
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Date of dissolution of the outgoing legislature
Date at which the previous legislature (elected at the previous elections) was dissolved.
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No information available
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Timing of election
Timing of election: Upon normal expiry; Early elections; Delayed elections
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Upon normal expiry
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Expected date of next elections
The expected date at which the next elections should take place, based on law or practice.
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03 Nov 2026
Notes: The election is held on "the Tuesday next after the first Monday in November" of pair-numbered years.
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Number of seats at stake
Number of seats contested at the elections. Where the parliament/chamber is fully renewed, this number is usually identical to the statutory number of members. Where the parliament/chamber is partially renewed or appointed, the number of seats at stake is usually less than the total number of members.
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34
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Scope of elections
Scope of elections: Full renewal; Partial renewal.
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Partial renewal
Results
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About the election
Short description of the context and results of the election.
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The Republicans retained their majority in the 435-member House of Representatives. They also regained control of the 100-member Senate, although the Democrats won a majority of the 34 Senate seats renewed in 2024. A record two Black women were elected to the Senate along with the first-ever Korean-American (male) candidate. The first openly transgender person was elected to Congress, winning a House seat. In all, 125 women were elected to the House of Representatives. There will be 25 women Senators, of whom 12 were elected in 2024.
In the presidential elections held in parallel with the parliamentary polls, the Republican candidate and former President Donald Trump was elected, defeating Vice President Kamala Harris (Democrats, see note). He is due to be sworn in for a second term on 20 January 2025, along with the new Vice President James David Vance, who will also become the new Senate President by virtue of holding the vice presidency.
Key electoral issues in 2024 included inflation, the economy, tax reform, immigration, and abortion rights, as well as the war in Ukraine, the Middle East crisis, and US-China relations.
Note:
President Joe Biden dropped out of the presidential race in July 2024, less than four months before polling day, after a debate with Mr. Trump that raised doubts about his fitness to serve a new term. He endorsed Vice President Harris as the presidential candidate for the Democrats. -
Number of parties winning seats
The number of parties which won parliamentary representation in the given election.
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2
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Percentage of seats won by largest party or coalition
The percentage is calculated by dividing the number of seats won by the largest party by the number of seats at stake in the election.
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55.9%
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Alternation of power after elections
The results of the elections caused a change in the government. "Not applicable" to countries using the presidential system when parliamentary and presidential elections are held separately, to countries in political transition or where there is no party system.
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Yes
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Number of parties in government
The government may be formed by one or more political parties
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1
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Names of parties in government
The government may be formed by one or more political parties
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Republican Party
Parties or coalitions winning seats
| Political group | Total | Full composition |
|---|---|---|
| Republican Party | 15 | 53 |
| Democratic Party | 19 | 47 |
Members elected, by sex
- Number of men elected
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22
- Number of women elected
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12
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Percentage of women elected
The percentage is calculated by dividing the number of women elected by the number of seats filled.
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35.3%
- Women Directly Elected
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12
- Other notes on the elections
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Note on the parties or coalitions winning seats:
- Thirty-four seats were contested at the 2024 Senate elections: 33 seats from regular renewal and one special election.
- The Democratic Party held 47 seats, including those of two independents who caucus with the Democrats. - Sources
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Congressional Research Service (22.11.2024)
https://edition.cnn.com
https://time.com
https://cawp.rutgers.edu/blog/congressional-statewide-results-women-2024
https://apnews.com
https://edition.cnn.com
https://time.com
https://www.bbc.com
https://www.nbcnews.com
https://www.theguardian.com
https://www.as-coa.org
https://ballotpedia.org
New legislature
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Total number of men after the election
The total number of male parliamentarians in this parliament/chamber following the election or renewal, regardless of their modes of designation.
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75
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Total number of women after the election
The total number of female parliamentarians in this parliament/chamber following the election or renewal, regardless of their modes of designation.
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25
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Percentage of women after the election
The percentage is calculated by dividing the total number of women in this parliament/chamber by the current number of members.
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25.0%
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First-term parliamentarians
The number of members who are assuming their parliamentary mandate for the first time following the election or renewal, regardless of their mode of designation.
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5
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Percentage of first-term parliamentarians
The percentage is calculated by dividing the number of first-term parliamentarians by the number of seats at stake in the election.
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5.0%
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Date of the first session
The date when the newly elected parliament/chamber was convened for the first time. It may be different from the date when members were sworn in.
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03 Jan 2025
Notes: The first day of the new Congress is held on 3 January of odd-numbered years (unless the House authorizes another nearby date).
First Speaker of the new legislature
- Personal details for the first Speaker of the new legislature
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James David (J.D.) Vance (Male)
Date of birth: 02 Aug 1984 -
Political party
The political party to which the Speaker belonged to at the moment of the election. In some parliaments, the Speaker suspends or relinquishes their party membership during their term in office and is considered as an independent member.
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Republican Party
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Date of election
The date of the election of the Speaker may be different from the date of the first session of the new legislature.
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20 Jan 2025
- Personal details for the first Speaker of the new legislature
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Charles Grassley (Male)
Date of birth: 17 Sep 1933 -
Political party
The political party to which the Speaker belonged to at the moment of the election. In some parliaments, the Speaker suspends or relinquishes their party membership during their term in office and is considered as an independent member.
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Republican Party
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Date of election
The date of the election of the Speaker may be different from the date of the first session of the new legislature.
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03 Jan 2025